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ADV is a highly contagious parvovirus that is spreading
throughout the ferret population both in the U.S. and abroad.
ADV in ferrets is characterized by a persistent viral infection
and marked hypergammaglobulinemia, mainly due to the formation
of non-neutralizing antibodies and continuous stimulation
of the immune system. Stress conditions can exacerbate symptoms
and potentiate expression of the virus. ADV can be spread
very easily, i.e., through feces, urine, saliva and other
body fluids. Humans can spread ADV through casual contact
with multiple ferrets such as that which occurs in shelters
or at shows. ADV Antibody can be detected as early as 2 weeks
post infection. Ferrets found to be positive for ADV Antibody
should be isolated as suspected carriers of the disease.
Conclusive diagnosis of ADV requires the demonstration of
antibody to a specific protein of ADV called the "non-virion"
protein, the presence of which clearly indicates that viral
replication has occurred. A procedure known as counterimmunoelectrophoresis
(CIEP) actually detects antibodies to several other ADV-related
proteins. Moreover, false positive results can occur with
this technique due to cross-reactivity of the numerous proteins
in the ADV whole viral lysate used in the test with antibodies
against cellular debris from vaccines used in ferrets. This
test also relies upon visual interpretation of results; with
low titers, this can especially lead to the false assumption
of a negative result.
The ADV Antibody ELISA Test from Avecon Diagnostics, Inc.
is a sensitive, specific Immunoassay that only detects antibody
to the non-virion protein of ADV and removes any doubt surrounding
the diagnosis of ADV in ferrets. By using a single, recombinant
protein produced ONLY by replicating ADV as the reacting species,
and not the whole viral lysate, there is NO POSSIBILITY of
cross-reactivity with antibodies other than those caused by
a recent or prior infection with ADV. Additionally, a specific
anti-Ferret Immuno-chemical is used in the detection step
of the ELISA and has no cross-reactivity with antibodies from
any other species, including mink.
References:
Journal of Immunology 118(4): 1249-1251 (1977)
Veterinary Record 125: 232-235 (1989)
Journal of Virology 69(3): 1802-1809 (1995)
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 62(5): 553-555 (2000) |
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page last revised on
January 7, 2007
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